Electromagnetic Characteristics of the Soil

The electromagnetic characteristics of the soil are discussed in this chapter. The characteristics of porous bedrock, soil medium, and impacts of rain attenuations are also presented. The models of dielectric soil properties are studied with a rigorous focus on the constitutive parameters of subsurface soil medium. Moreover, the permittivity and wavenumber in soil are explained. In addition, the frequency-dependent dielectric properties such as dispersion in soil, absorption characteristic, and penetration depth versus frequency are reviewed. Furthermore, the effective permittivity of soil–water mixture for through-the soil-propagation mechanism is analyzed thoroughly

Панель управления транспортным средством технологического назначения на электротяге

The proposed design solution refers to elements of land vehicle bodies and namely to control panels of a power truck and it can be used to control vehicles of technological purpose with electric traction, as well as their hinged and trailed equipment. A technical problem of a device coinciding with the positive result from its application is to provide a possibility for controlling hinged or trailed equipment of a transport vehicle of technological purpose with the help of a panel. The control panel has a steering wheel located on its left side mounted on a steering column, a speedometer and a section of vehicle control devices, and there is a control unit for hinged and trailed equipment of the vehicle in the right part of the panel; it is made in the form of a box and there is a group of indicating devices, keypad and two function keys on the outer box surface. The group of indicating instruments includes a line of seven-segment indicators, a text LCD-indicator, a graphic TFT-display, the first and second LEDs indicating the status of hinged and trailed equipment. Indicating devices, keypad and two function keys are electrically connected to the control unit located inside the box. The control unit is based on an industrial microcontroller equipped with a non-volatile memory unit and a USART module connected via an interface converter unit to a radio module.Предложенное конструкторское решение относится к элементам кузовов наземных транспортных средств, а именно – к панелям управления электрокаром, и может применяться для управления транспортными средствами технологического назначения на электротяге, а также их навесным и прицепным оборудованием. Техническая задача устройства, совпадающая с положительным результатом от его применения, – это обеспечение возможности управления с помощью панели навесным или прицепным оборудованием транспортного средства технологического назначения. Панель управления содержит расположенные в ее левой части руль, установленный на рулевой колонке, спидометр и секцию приборов управления транспортным средством, а в правой части панели размещен узел управления навесным и прицепным оборудованием транспортного средства, выполненный в виде короба, на наружной поверхности которого размещены группа приборов индикации, кнопочная клавиатура и две функциональные клавиши. Группа приборов индикации включает в себя: линейку семисегментных индикаторов, текстовый LCD-индикатор, графический TFT-дисплей, первый и второй светодиоды индикации состояния навесного и прицепного оборудования. Приборы индикации, кнопочная клавиатура и две функциональные клавиши электрически соединены с блоком управления, расположенным внутри короба. Блок управления выполнен на основе промышленного микроконтроллера, снабженного блоком энергонезависимой памяти и модулем USART, подключенным через блок преобразователя интерфейсов к радиомодулю

Signals in the Soil: An Introduction to Wireless Underground Communications

In this chapter, wireless underground (UG) communications are introduced. A detailed overview of WUC is given. A comprehensive review of research challenges in WUC is presented. The evolution of underground wireless is also discussed. Moreover, different component of UG communications is wireless. The WUC system architecture is explained with a detailed discussion of the anatomy of an underground mote. The examples of UG wireless communication systems are explored. Furthermore, the differences of UG wireless and over-the-air wireless are debated. Different types of wireless underground channel (e.g., In-Soil, Soil-to-Air, and Air-to-Soil) are reported as well

Simulation System for Investigation of the Aral-Caspian Water Regime

Remote measurements of different environmental parameters received during last 30 years are used for the synthesis of a Complex Simulation Model (CSM) describing the combined water regimes of the Aral-Caspian System (ACS) including the consideration of aquatic and climatic natural processes. The problem of stabilizing the sea levels of these two water bodies is modelled and a solution obtained through implementation of a modeling system, including the CSM, remote measurements database, data processing sub-block, surface cover recognition sub-block, and user interface. A set of scenarios to control the ACS water regime is investigated. The role of remote sensing methods for the estimation of water balance components and synoptic situations is also evaluated. The main purpose of the computer experiments is in the search of a scenario for control of the water regime in the ACS under the realization of which the Aral Sea level will increase and the Caspian Sea level will decrease. The results of this research indicate that there is a regime for ACS water control under which it is possible to stabilize the Aral and Caspian Sea levels at their 1960 level within twelve to fifteen years. This would be implemented by the transport of water from the open portion of the Caspian Sea into saline lowlands and the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf, located on its eastern shore, thus facilitating rapid evaporation followed by the movement of atmospheric moisture into the Aral Sea basin. The scenario “evaporation/precipitation” when the Caspian Sea level is lowered by increasing the flow of its waters to other reservoirs/evaporators is evaluated. Such reservoirs are the area of saline lands and depressions situated in the East Caspian Sea coast. Their absolute levels are below the recent Caspian Sea level. The results of this investigation show that the formation of an adaptive measurements system with the interchange of remote measurements and mathematical modeling provides a reliable evaluation of the ACS. This will lead to the creation of a system capable of predicting the dynamics of natural processes and assessing long-term consequences of large-scale global-change effects on the ACS

Control Panel for Transport Vehicle of Technological Purpose with Electric Traction

The proposed design solution refers to elements of land vehicle bodies and namely to control panels of a power truck and it can be used to control vehicles of technological purpose with electric traction, as well as their hinged and trailed equipment. A technical problem of a device coinciding with the positive result from its application is to provide a possibility for controlling hinged or trailed equipment of a transport vehicle of technological purpose with the help of a panel. The control panel has a steering wheel located on its left side mounted on a steering column, a speedometer and a section of vehicle control devices, and there is a control unit for hinged and trailed equipment of the vehicle in the right part of the panel; it is made in the form of a box and there is a group of indicating devices, keypad and two function keys on the outer box surface. The group of indicating instruments includes a line of seven-segment indicators, a text LCD-indicator, a graphic TFT-display, the first and second LEDs indicating the status of hinged and trailed equipment. Indicating devices, keypad and two function keys are electrically connected to the control unit located inside the box. The control unit is based on an industrial microcontroller equipped with a non-volatile memory unit and a USART module connected via an interface converter unit to a radio module